European Review of Agriculture Economics Vol 28 (3) (2001) pp.329-348
© 2001 Oxford University Press and the Foundation for the European Review of Agricultural Economics
Moral hazard, risk aversion and compliance monitoring in agri-environmental policy
University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Summary
Agri-environmental policy is modelled as a social welfare maximisation problem that recognises the potential trade-off between increased environmental benefit and increased cost of monitoring compliance. Moral hazard arises because monitoring does not detect all those who fail to comply with contractual obligations. It is shown that if monitoring costs are negligible of fixed, or farmers are highly risk averse, the moral hazard problem can be eliminated. However, if monitoring costs depend on monitoring effort and the degree of risk aversion is low, only a second-best solution can be obtained. Numerical simulations suggest that optimal monitoring effort declines with increasing farmer risk aversion.
Keywords: agri-environmental policy, moral hazard, risk aversion, compliance monitoring
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